The Bureau of Labor Statistics' Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program conducts an annual survey to produce estimates of employment and wages for specific occupations.
World population data sheets, education, aging, poverty, labor force, marriage/family, race/ethnicity, etc.
Statistics - Subpages
Along with the broad coverage statistics found on this page, you might also want to try some of the more subject focused pages in the drop-down list above. They Include:
DMDC collects and reports on personnel, manpower, and other data for the DOD. Some of their statistics and reports are available to the public, others require a login. The library can not obtain access for you, however, points of contact for access are listed on the site.
1997 forward. Recent and historical personnel trends in the Department of Defense services and the U.S. Coast Guard. It describes demographic characteristics of applicants, accessions, enlisted personnel, and officers and includes information on the socioeconomic characteristics of those accessed into the military.